Lucy: I was her human.

by Ben Carter


Lucy passed away this weekend. We found out she had inoperable cancer in July. We had one month to spoil her. She spoiled us for nine years.

adopted Lucy from the Lexington Humane Society. If you like this essay or if you loved Lucy (or both), please consider donating a small amount to the Lexington Humane Society so that they can help other people find epic dogs like mine.

If you don't want to read 10,000 words about my dog, check out this video and slideshow. To the extent they do not say enough, that's what the essay's for. 

Lucy wasn't eating. 

She stood over her full bowl, turned her head, and looked at me over her shoulder. She wagged her tail. 

She hadn't eaten in more than twenty-four hours. This was not like Lucy. Since I brought her home from the pound in July of 2003, Lucy's gastronomic adventures have become some of the most often and most fondly recounted McCarter family legends. 

A fifty-pound, border collie mix, Lucy is black with a spot of white fur on her chest. Her feet and nose are brindled and the hair around her ears is crimped. I took her to the Woodland Park dog swim in Lexington during law school and 75% of all of the dogs were some version of black, collie-mix mutt. Lucy is an American classic. She is also just the right size and has just the right disposition to stand on her hind legs and grab food off an unattended countertop.

She has helped herself on at least two occasions to trays of cooling brownies. Chocolate can kill dogs, but it never phased Lucy. You might think that having delicious brownies stolen and your dog's health potentially compromised by chocolate exposure would inspire a vigilant and rigorous habit of not leaving food on the countertop. You would be wrong. It took us years to get this right. Now, though, our countertops are completely devoid of any food. Not because we are clean people, but because nothing is safe from Lucy when it is on a countertop. 

Hey guys. What's for dinner?​

Not long after we got Lucy, we returned home to find a half-eaten jar of chunky peanut butter on the kitchen floor. It was about the only thing Lucy has ever half-eaten in her life. 

It was a forty ounce plastic jar of Jif—the big boy. Lucy had chewed the red plastic lid off of the top. After gaining access to the jar by brute resolve, Lucy was now presented with a delicious engineering problem: the jar was just wide enough to allow her to fit her snout into the jar, but only so much. So, while we were away Lucy licked deeper and deeper into the peanut butter. She licked until her snout could not fit any tighter into the jar and her tongue could not extend any deeper. A domed, crusted wall of peanut chunks remained; the dome perfectly described the limits of my dog's tongue. I wish I had taken a picture. No artifact would more perfectly capture Lucy's maniacal dedication to a goal. 

Now this jar was made for a dog's tongue.​

When we first got Lucy, we did not own a trash can with a lid. Two days later, we did. Occasionally, she would still manage to nibble a piece of the plastic bag enough to tip the can over while we were gone. Those were good days for her. 

She once ate a tub of butter. Her stomach was tight and she needed to lie down, but I could tell she considered the effort worth some temporary discomfort. 

She also tried to eat a quesadilla maker. She chipped away at the hard plastic to reach the hardened cheese that had dripped into the machine's inaccessible crevices. We returned from running errands and found a completely clean and completely destroyed appliance in the kitchen floor. 

Lucy ate my sister's wedding cake. Not before the wedding, thank God, but a year later. My mom had placed the frozen leftovers that couples are supposed to eat on their one-year anniversary on the stove to thaw. While we were away, Lucy nosed her way into the foil-wrapped cake and licked her way through the layers of cake and icing. Instead of grabbing the cake and devouring it on the floor, she left the foil shell intact and on the countertop. 

When we returned, I let Lucy out into my parents' backyard. She wandered around a bit and then threw up a massive volume of white vomit. We didn't discover why she was so sick until a few minutes later when my Mom picked up the cake on the stove. It now weighed precisely the weight of the foil that had wrapped the cake my dog was now licking in the yard. 

*     *     *

That my vomit-licking dog was not eating the cup of dried dog food in front of her was a problem. Erin and I began researching "loss of appetite in dogs" online and became concerned that Lucy had a twisted stomach. Surely, the only thing that would keep Lucy from eating was being physically incapable of eating. So, on July 17, 2012 I took her to our vet on my way to the office. I had a mediation beginning at 9:00 a.m. I dropped Lucy off when the clinic opened at 7:30. At 8:15, my vet called me. I took notes:

"mass effect where the liver and spleen normally sit"
"tumor that's growing"
"free fluid and blood in abdomen"
"hemangio sarcoma"

I'm sorry, doctor: can you spell that?

"h–e–m–a–n–g–i–o"
"blood-born tumors"
"she had an acute bleed sometime in the past; why her stomach is tight"
"irregularity to the tumor; can't take one lobe of the liver out"
"this is not good for her; very generalized; not anything that can be done surgically"

My dog is going to die. Soon. 

I'm sure vets have a lot of practice talking with grown men who are sobbing on the other end of the phone. Dr. McCoy was very patient.  

She explained that she was going to do a red blood cell count test and repeat it in a few hours to determine whether Lucy was currently suffering from an acute bleed or whether she was stable enough to take home. The way I understand it, hemangio sarcomas cause bleeds. If Lucy was still losing a lot of blood into her abdomen, she would need to be put down. 

*     *     *

I have learned a lot about myself during the process of grieving for and caring for my sick dog. The first thing I learned is that I am weak.

When my vet explained to me that Lucy may need to be put to sleep sooner rather than later, part of me hoped for sooner. Part of me hoped that I would not have to pick up my dog and take her home and live with her and love her knowing that our days together were numbered and that she was doomed. Part of me hoped that my memories of Lucy's boundless vigor would not also include memories of sickness, weakness, discomfort. I did not want to see Lucy stumble. And, I desperately hoped to avoid ever needing to decide that it was "time."  

People began to show up in the office for the 9:00 mediation. I put the Kleenex box back in the drawer. Erin was waiting an update from me. I couldn't call her and compose myself in time for the mediation. Plus, I wanted to wait for the results from the next red blood cell count test before calling. I wanted to know what I needed to tell her. 

Erin texted me at 9:24. "Heard from vet?"  

"Not yet. In mediation."

The mediation fell apart around 11:00 and Dr. McCoy called not long after that to tell me that Lucy's red blood cell count was stable and that she could go home with me. I called Erin on the way to the vet's office. 

"Lucy has cancer and the vet expects she might live two months. There's nothing they can do. I'm going to pick her up right now. I'm sorry to have to tell you this way." I had to say it all very fast. I could barely say it all before I couldn't say anything else. 

Erin wanted me to ask Dr. McCoy two questions: 

"Is she in pain?" 

"She doesn't seem to be, but I can give you Tramadol for when she is." 

When. 

"Can she still go on hikes?" 

"I wouldn't." 

Also, no more frisbee. Lucy had been catching frisbee eight days before her diagnosis. 

Dr. McCoy told me to boil chicken breasts for Lucy and mix it with rice and vegetables. She told me Lucy and I could take short walks around the block. And, she told me what to watch for. White or pale gums would indicate another acute bleed. Watch for if she is acutely down or having trouble breathing. 

"Is her belly going to get more distended or will the steroids reduce that?" 

"Her belly is going to get more distended."

This is what I feared. She will become sicker before my eyes. 

*     *     *

These are the stories of how my dog lived and how she died. They are the stories of how I loved her and how I grieve her. 

I'm writing these stories before she dies because I know myself. I know that when she dies, the memory of her passing will be so painful I won't want to remember it and that any memory of her larger-than-life feats and the unceasing joy with which she lived will open a still-empty place in my chest. Something hard and metallic will get caught in my throat. Any memory will be bittersweet and wrapped in gauze. After Lucy dies, I will not confront the pain. I will move on. Now, I can't avoid the pain. Now, the rawness of my fear and persistent metallic taste in my mouth feels appropriate. Feeling any other way would feel a betrayal of the fierce exuberance with which she lived. Now is the time to write these stories. Because I know I am weak enough to want to forget. 

I have lost three cats as an adult: Blue, Crooktail, and Marvin. I know from losing them that my warm memories will still be tainted years later by the bitter sense that all of them died before they should have and in ways unfitting to the way they lived. I expect that if I don't write this now, I never will. So, I have to do it now even though every moment that my fingers are on the keys is a moment that my fingers are not in Lucy's fur. 

*     *     *

When I first learned Lucy was going to die, my instincts and habits migrated immediately towards minimizing my personal grief and pain. I knew, immediately, how devastating each moment at home would be, how crushingly sweet each opportunity to pet her, feed her, walk her would be, part of me wanted to not be able to take her home. Part of me wanted the doctor to report that Lucy continued to bleed heavily in her abdomen and needed to be put to sleep that day. 

While I believe everyone experiences grief deeply, we will also respond to that grief differently. For me, my natural instinct is to flee from it. This experience has been a process of me watching myself attempt to turn away and forcing myself to return. I am trying to live at the center of this fear, the place where my throat gets tight and hard. 

But, describing the pain as having a "center" strikes me as too facile a description and too generous towards my own motivations. The map  of this pain is not a circle, but rather a number of circles. It's multifocal, and I have not planted myself heroically inside the middle of the pain, but rather I wander in search of a less painful place. As I away from "doing the right thing" for Lucy (being present, caring for her, arranging her death), I wander toward the pain of regret and shame. Lucy and I both are trying to find the most comfortable positions in a damned painful situation. 

Some people are better at grief, at pain, than others. I am about as good at frisbee as I am bad about grief. I took a test once to determine my Enneagram character type. I am the "pleasure seeking" type, the "epicure". One of the defining characteristics of an epicure is the extreme lengths to which he or she will go to avoid pain. I spent most of my twenties drinking and smoking myself away from pain, self-doubt, and an enduring sense that I am fundamentally deficient. The hardest part about a sudden sobriety was the return of those feelings, which were now combined with feelings of dread and failure and the fear that I had squandered all the opportunities my parents, teachers, and country had provided me. 

The truth is that we cannot escape the pain. And, we shouldn't try to. Grieving well means choosing a pain we can live with. I don't mean this to sound noble. I'm trapped. If I could find an escape or a less painful place, I would. This grief has stripped from me, finally and again, the illusion of control. I want to run, but there is nowhere to run that is less awful than where I am right now. 

I am ashamed that I ever sought to avoid the grief that Lucy deserves by hoping—partly—that she would need to be put to sleep the day of her diagnosis. 

When Dr. McCoy explained that they offered in-home euthanasia, my psyche immediately recoiled at the idea, "I do not want a spot in my house to be 'the spot where Lucy died.'" The thought was too horrible to even contemplate. 

Thank God I was able to take Lucy home with me. Living with this grief and caring for Lucy while she is sick has made me a better person. 

Now, I hope that we will be able to put Lucy to sleep at home. It will crush us, but it will be the best, most comfortable way for her to go. Our vet is only available on weekdays and may not be available even then for in-home euthanasia if they are short-staffed at the clinic. So, I have arranged for Dr. Lauralee Rubsch, a vet with a mobile practice, to be "on call" when the time comes. I can't tell you how comforting it is to know that we have this plan in place.

I understand that my obligation is not to my comfort, but to Lucy's. My habitual selfishness is my continual shame. 

The vet has offered to take Lucy to the crematorium. Or, she said, I could take her. 

"Whichever you prefer." 

It never occurred to me that a man might prefer to take his animal to get cremated himself. Now, I'm thinking that I actually would prefer to take her myself. It seems like it's my responsibility, my obligation. Somehow, dropping her off in a stranger's mobile vet unit to be transported to a crematorium would be falling short of my obligation to my dog. Failing to do everything I can for her myself—both now and after she dies—would fail to fully honor Lucy's contribution to my life. 

When our cat, Crooktail, died in Palau, I took him to the vet's office and had them bury him in the jungle behind their clinic. I am still disappointed in myself for failing to bury him in our backyard. The love you give to a pet is not just the lighthearted camaraderie, not just the adventures, the snuggles. The love you give to a pet is also the burden of grief you bear for them. With Crooktail, I feel like I tried to get all of the easy, fun stuff and wriggled out of the hard stuff. With Lucy, I refuse to wriggle out. I'm becoming better at living with the grief and becoming more dedicated to honoring her life by being present for the process of her death. 

Now, I don't want to avoid the grief. Rather, I want my grief to evolve, to grow, to become a grief worthy of my fearless dog. 

*     *     *

Lucy has lived in three places in her life: Lexington, Boulder, and now Louisville. There is no question that the happiest year of her life was the year she spent in Boulder. She stayed there with a friend of mine while Erin and I lived in Palau. Jessica had two dogs, a house just outside of Boulder, and a job that allowed her to take the dogs on long walks almost daily long walks in the Colorado hills. 

Jessica came to Lexington to pick Lucy up before we left for Palau. Lucy hopped right up into the back seat of the car with her friends, Jolie and Sadie. Lucy is always ready for an adventure. 

I returned a year later and went directly to the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver. Four days and one nomination for President later, Jessica came to Denver and picked me up to reunite me with my dog. 

"Um, Ben," Jessica said as we drove through the outskirts of Denver. "Lucy has put on some weight."

"Okay." 

"Brad let her eat as much as she wanted."

"Oh." I paused. I considered the full implications of this statement. "Wow." 

Lucy is a pound dog. She lives with a scarcity mentality. Left to her own devices, she eats until she makes herself sick, gets sick, eats the sick, and then eats some more. 

I always kept Lucy trim because I didn't want her carrying any more weight than she needed to. Lucy is a frisbee dog and she can't help not soaring through the air to catch the frisbee. I worry about her hips and the wear that this jumping must cause. 

When Lucy bounded out Jessica's door, I thought Jessica had taken a small black bear cub as a pet. Lucy's hair was long and she was carrying 15 more pounds on her frame. It had been one great year for Lucy dog. Eating as much as she could, hiking, swimming, hanging with two other dogs. No dog could hope for more. 

Lucy, having eaten her fill...​

Should I feel sad or ashamed that the best year of my dog's life was the year in which I was absent from it? I don't. Instead, I feel eternally grateful to Jessica for giving Lucy the life she deserved and satisfied with myself that I helped that happen by getting Lucy from the pound the summer before my first year of law school. 

I suspect that Lucy's heaven will look remarkably similar to the Boulder she already knows. It will smell of pine and her bowl and her belly will always be full. 

*     *     *

I got Lucy in the summer of 2003. I was doing some superficial renovations to a house my parents had bought in Lexington for my sister and me to live in. I was beginning law school and she was fresh out of college. I had just moved from DC where I had plopped down for a year after traveling after college to five countries for a year on a Watson Fellowship. I was excited to have a place to settle down. And, settling down meant having a dog. Nothing was a more powerful symbol in my mind of being settled than having a dog. 

I wasn't renting. I wasn't traveling. I was home. 

A few weeks before I got Lucy, my extended family gathered in Maui for Camp Jasper. In Maui, the Hana Highway wends its way along the coastline to dozens of waterfalls, swimming holes, and diving rocks. Early one morning, I loaded into my cousin Brent's rented Jeep and he and his wife, Julie and I headed toward Hana. We stopped at a sandwich shop at the start of the trip and picked up sandwiches, yes, but also one of the owner's dogs, Lani. The owner explained that each of her dogs knew the road and all of the attractions along the way. Lani was a canine tour guide. Sure enough, as we parked at various attractions, Lani hopped out of the Jeep first and ran to the trailhead leading to the falls, pool, or overlook. She waited for us there. She knew where to go no matter where we parked. 

I wanted a dog like this. I wanted a dog that was ready for adventure. Smart enough to keep up and fast enough for frisbee. I got all of this when I got Lucy. 

I picked up Lucy from the Lexington Humane Society. She had been dropped off in the Night Drop box a month earlier. The workers named her "Lucky." I thought it was lame to have a pound dog named "Lucky", so I dropped the "k". Lucky had been described on petfinder.com as a border collie mix. When I got to the pound, they gave me a ball and Lucky and I went out into the small side yard. I threw the ball, she sprinted after it, grabbed it off the bounce, and brought it back to me. 

She did not drop it. She stood there, head down, her jaw mashing the tennis ball. Mash. Mash. Mash. 

We [mash] could [mash] work [mash]on [mash] that. Mash. Mash. Mash. 

Alright. Let's go. 

Lucy, née Lucky, hopped up into the shotgun side of my red '97 Toyota pickup truck and we were off. 

When we got home, Lucy bounded out of the truck and into the backyard. Three seconds later, she was neck deep in the 4'x3' water feature that sat—neglected, stagnant,  and foul—in the back of the yard. A week earlier, I had pulled a broken glass bong out of the bottom of the pool. The bong wasn't mine, but the dog that now had her front paws on the side of the pond and was scrabbling out and grinning widely most certainly was. 

We were home.

*     *     *

I had done a lot of reading about adopting a dog and dog ownership before picking Lucy up from the pound. So, I knew that I needed to show Lucy a) that I was boss and b) that she should pay attention to me. One of the ways I was supposed to do this was by tying Lucy's leash to my belt and going about my business around the house. This would communicate to her that she should follow me around. 

I have participated in a lot of unnecessary bullshit in my life—the SATs, traffic court, law school—but tethering my dog, my working dog that understands and responds to complete sentences, that knows where every cat in our neighborhood lives, that twice returned to my car parked miles away from where we got separated in the woods, tethering my dog to me completely, absolutely unnecessary. 

Tethering her to me was like throwing Br'er Rabbit directly into the briar patch. 

This is what is so hard about losing Lucy: for the last 9 years I have never been alone in a room; she has been my constant companion. 

She has also been my partner in the only magic trick I know. 

A well-trained dog is like a magic trick. I always felt like my relationship with Lucy was a kind of sorcery. Here is a force—an incredibly fast, agile, and tough force—that exists outside of my body but over which I could exert some (occasionally minimal) control over. 

Lucy is a frisbee dog to her core. It is what she was born to do. When I was looking to adopt a dog, I knew I wanted a dog that would play frisbee with me, which meant I was looking for some variety of collie, setter, heeler, or shepherd. I got a little of each with Lucy. 

In college, I played Ultimate Frisbee and disc golf. I am not an athletic guy, but I can throw a frisbee. If you plotted my athletic skills in various sports on a bell chart, my frisbee skills would be just to the right of my similarly useless and oddly formidable ping-pong skills. 

No way I was going to get a dog that couldn't play frisbee. 

I probably read more about "how to teach your dog frisbee" than I did "how to not fail out of law school" in the summer before my 1L year. So, when I brought Lucy home, I knew the first step was to feed her out of the frisbee. Next, I began rolling the frisbee across the floor. Lucy would chase after it like a ball. After that, I placed the frisbee in her mouth and took it out. Repeat. Repeat again. Then, we quickly graduated to catching short (one foot) tosses. The final step was teaching Lucy to circle around my legs before retrieving a thrown ball. Lucy learned to circle counter-clockwise because I'm right-handed. I'm not sure the direction matters. But, when she circles my legs, Lucy is placed behind me, so she can track the frisbee as I release it. 

Lucy learned to catch a frisbee in less than two weeks. It was not hard. I think probably she would have learned in less if I hadn't spent so much time rolling the frisbee across the floor, putting the frisbee in her mouth.

"That's for sure, dad." 

Lucy learned to catch a hard plastic, lightweight frisbee from PetSmart. We then moved on to catching 175-gram hard plastic Ultimate frisbees. Don't do this: your dog will catch the frisbee. If your dog is like Lucy, your dog will catch basically anything you throw to her. But, a frisbee that hard and large will hurt your dog's mouth. Lucy often bit her tongue and would come back, smiling, with a slightly bloody, slightly muddy disc in her mouth, ready for another throw. 

Instead, buy the Jawz brand frisbee. These frisbees are great to throw—they're heavier than the cheap, plastic frisbees, but not as heavy as an Ultimate disc. They're smaller in diameter than an ultimate disc, as well. More like a frisbee golf disc in size, but made out of a durable, but soft urethane. We buy the Uglies (cosmetic defects) because they're cheaper. These frisbees are heavier than hard plastic disks, so they fly farther and cut better through any wind. Lucy loves these discs and I'm ashamed I didn't learn of their existence sooner. She lost one of her little front teeth at some point. I'm sure it was on one of these hard plastic frisbees. I'm also sure she hasn't missed it a bit. Or, at least, considers the trade a fair exchange. 

Lucy never learned the command "drop it" very well. I mean, I know she understands what "drop it" means, she just decided that she didn't like it very much. So, early in our friendship, we compromised by me bringing two frisbees, two balls, two somethings to throw and I stopped having to say "drop it". She always wants the one in my hand more than the one in her mouth, so she is more than happy to drop the frisbee at my feet as she rounded my legs, ready for another throw. 

It still seems like magic that I could throw a disc as hard as I could, watch it silhouetted in an orange sky, watch it fade to the left, and watch my dog—small and getting smaller—float across the ground, leap into the air, grab the frisbee with her certain teeth, land, turn, and begin to float back to me. 

Magic. 

Just magic. 

I am going to miss that magic so much. 

*     *     *

One of the hardest aspects of living with Lucy's diagnosis of hemangio sarcoma is the vet's prohibition on any exertion. No hiking. No running. And definitely no frisbee. Lucy's condition is delicate. 

I haven't read too much on hemangio sarcoma. I know it is a blood-born tumor. I know the tumors are on her liver and spleen. I know it's not operable. And, I know that these tumors cause internal bleeding. Ultimately, it will be this bleeding that kills her. Even now, her belly is getting tight and a little more swollen each day with fluid. I have stopped feeding her twice a day and instead feed her smaller portions four times a day. Her belly can't hold as much food because of the internal pressure. The vet made it clear that vigorous activity would likely cause another acute bleed and lead to her demise. So, in this time between diagnosis and death, Lucy can't do the things she most loves doing. 

Eight days before the diagnosis, Lucy, Pugsley, Erin and I went to the middle school down the street from our house and Lucy and I tossed frisbee for 15 or 20 minutes. When I was in law school, Lucy and I would go toss frisbee—nonstop—for an hour and a half. She didn't want to be in the house and I didn't want to be in a law book, so it worked out well for both of us. 

Now, though, we're taking walks. I'm allowed to toss ball to Lucy, gently, in the house. Lucy is really only happy when she's working. It is what she lives for. I have thought in the past that Lucy might actually kill herself with pure exuberance; part of me knows that's how she would want to go. Part of me thinks she'd rather me arrange for in-home euthanasia, take her to the park, toss a bunch of frisbees, and bring her home panting. I don't have the guts to do it. 

*     *     *

This evening, we were walking back from the middle school and a small rabbit bounded across Lucy's path. I did not allow her to give chase; hunting rabbits definitely is "vigorous activity." Lucy has chased many rabbits. Earlier today, in fact, she cornered a rabbit in our backyard. The rabbit was tucked unmoving behind a fencepost, so Lucy was unable to kill it. But, when I called for her to come in she was sitting—belly down, paws forward, intent—on a stakeout. I made her come in. Puglsey went out. He went to within two inches of where the rabbit was hiding, failed to notice the rabbit. Instead, he paused, sniffed, hiked his legs, peed, scampered back up the deck steps, and plopped himself back onto his couch. 

Lucy's lifetime record against rabbits is 2–1,352. For years, I thought that when Lucy took off across a field after a rabbit she was just inviting the rabbits run up the score. Then, on a run in Lexington's Arboretum, Lucy disappeared into the woods, hot on the trail of a rabbit. 

"Here we go again," I thought. 

Lucy's hunt usually meant me waiting around for her, calling her, and, occasionally, having to go find her in the woods. Not this time. 

I kept running and was about 100 yards up a hill when she emerged from the woods, a large, walnut-brown jackrabbit draped from her jaws. As she approached, I realized that I didn't really know what I should do with the rabbit. So, I did nothing. Lucy reluctantly dropped him after I told her to and we left her trophy laying in the grass, his left eye staring up at the blue sky. 

Lucy may have had an atrocious win–loss record against rabbits, but that one victory was all she needed. Word spread fast in the rabbit community, I'm sure, that this dog was an actual threat. This dog, unlike so many other dogs, was for real. 

That was Lucy's first kill. Her second came on August 9, 2012. Lucy and I were out on our nightly trip to Highlands Middle School's field. As Lucy sniffed along the fenceline and ate some grass, I wandered into the field through the hot, dark air. Once I get a little bit away from Lucy, she will generally trot over, figure out where we're heading next, and scout ahead for me. But, last night, as I walked away from Lucy, I saw her dark shadow trotting towards home, not me. I yelled for her and she stopped, took a few steps toward me, and then started walking towards home again. I thought that she was just really, really tired, so I started walking after her. It wasn't until we got to the end of the field and I bent to put hook her leash onto her collar before I saw that Lucy was carrying a small rabbit in her jaws. It was totally dead. She had caught a rabbit and now it was time to go home.

Obviously.

That Lucy caught another rabbit, even just a small one, made me very happy because since we have begun our nightly walks we encounter rabbits every night and every night Lucy wants to give chase. But, she remembers how fast they are. She feels how slow she is. We feel sad.  Getting one last rabbit helped us both feel young again. That we need death to make death feel a little less inevitable, even for a moment, should trouble me more deeply than it does. ​

*     *     *

Killing that jackrabbit in Lexington has to be one of the best days in Lucy's life. There were a lot of very good days. Some have become part of McCarter lore and I write them here so we will not forget. 

There was the day we went out to Erin's dad's farm. Lucy really should have lived on a farm. I do feel a bit bad that I was not able to give her that every day, but, one of the benefits of adopting a dog from the pound is that you can look at your dog laying in front of the TV or wandering around in a fenced yard and think to yourself, "She really should be on a farm, but you know what? This beats the pound." 

Erin's dad lives in a valley called "North Fork" in Greenup County where he raises cattle. Greg hopped on a four-wheeler and Erin and I loaded into a Grasshopper, a sort of utility four-wheeler with a payload in the back. We spent the afternoon riding up and down the hills around Greg's farm. Lucy saw her first cow and immediately went into herding mode—hunching down, staying low, unblinking. 

At one of the cattle ponds, Lucy got to retrieve sticks. She swims like an otter. I threw a stick into the middle of the pond. She swam to an area near the center of the concentric ripples made by the stick, but grabbed another stick floating in the water. She turned and began swimming towards shore, her head barely above the water. She was swimming much slower than usual—struggling. A few moments later, Erin and I understood why: a tree trunk surfaced behind Lucy. The stick Lucy had grabbed was clearly a branch near the top of the tree. It took her about two minutes, but she dragged the goddamn tree to shore. She was so pleased with herself. We were so pleased with her. 

When we got back to Greg's house, Lucy and I went to the barn where Greg had stored circular hay bales three high. She and I climbed up and ran around on top of them, hopping from one to another, scrambling in between them. Down below, Erin and her dad surveyed the new calf. As evening settled in, Greg rewarded Lucy by letting her eat a bunch of cattle feed, which I understand is made of molasses and corn an all sorts of other delicious deliciousness. It smells almost like corn whiskey mash. Lucy ate her fill, we thanked Greg for a great day, and Lucy climbed into the back of my station wagon. I turned on the headlights. Lucy's breath smelled like cow feed. My car soon smelled like cow feed. As we turned into downtown Russell, the smell was overpowering. We rolled down the windows. 

A few minutes later, we parked in front of Erin's little house and stumbled through the front door. Erin and I were in the kitchen when we began to smell cattle feed again. I walked into the living room and four neat, perfectly circular, perfectly brown cow patties dotted Erin's white rug. Lucy went out back. And, after I cleaned up the barf in the living room, I went out to my station wagon where two more cow patties rested in the back of the station wagon. Well, that explains the smell. 

Cow feed expands in the stomach, I learned. Lucy had eaten a lot of cow feed. What a legendary day. 

Lucy lives the McCarter creed: anything worth doing is worth doing to excess. This was clear from the first day I met her and she dove into a shallow, putrid pond in my backyard. It became clear to my friends when we canoed in Kentucky's Red River Gorge for my bachelor party. Lucy ran and swam the seven mile stretch, but did so by running down the bank, doubling back, checking on our progress, running down the bank, doubling back, checking our progress, and running back down the bank again. She must have run thirty miles that day. I'm not even kidding. That was the only day in her life that she was tuckered out. She was so tired and sore at the end of that day, that she didn't even hang out by the fire that night to eat burned marshmallows Instead, she curled up next to my suitcase and growled at anyone who came close to her. She was so tired she was defenseless. 

*    *    *​

Lucy is my dog and I am her human. We know this. Not long after Erin and I moved to Louisville, I dropped Lucy off at my folks' place on my way to West Virginia for the weekend. When I came back 48 hours later, my dad said, "When you left this morning, Lucy went into my closet and laid down. I couldn't get her to come out and stay with me. Then I realized that your shoes were in there. I picked up your shoes and moved them into the study; she stayed there for the next two days." More recently, this has happened with a pair of jeans and socks. Choosing my smelly socks: what else could a dog do to say, "I'm your dog. You're my human."

Lucy is my dog and I am her human. Lucy is a major character in conversations at the McCarter house. If you don't have pets, or if you have pets but don't vocalize their inner dialogue, you probably stopped reading a long time ago. So, readers who have made it this far will understand that Lucy has a voice. Her voice, for whatever reason, sounds a lot like Napoleon Dynamite.

Losing Lucy will be losing the opportunity to talk through her. Make jokes with her. About her. She's one of the funniest members of our household. She speaks in declarative sentences and, like Napoleon Dynamite, poses naive questions with obvious answers. Those questions are almost statements. 

"Um, guys, do you know the cat is on the counter again

"Are you guys going to eat all of that steak?" 

It is not an accident that much of Lucy's dialogue is composed of questions. Lucy is inquisitive. You don't become a dog that understands complete sentences without being curious about the ways of humans and being a quick study. She learned to "take it nice" in two minutes. She knew "go to your crate" in two seconds. Despite close contact with us for over nine years, I think we are still somewhat of an enigma to her. How could it be any different? We spend most of our time staring at screens. 

*     *     *

Lucy and I have not played as much frisbee since we moved to Louisville. Lucy's life in Louisville has not been what it should have been. She's lived in a house with a too-small yard with a too-high fence and a too-busy dad. 

But, Lucy's hips have also shown more age in recent years. It's hard to take my dog to go play frisbee when I know 

  1. She will go too hard, 
  2. She can't help but go too hard, and 
  3. She will be sore for the rest of the day afterward. 

So, we typically play a combination of frisbee and ball to minimize the amount of time she spends soaring through the air. 

I am desperately thankful we played frisbee on July 10, 2012. We would learn a week later that she had cancer. We didn't know anything was wrong with Lucy on that day except that she was getting old. Still, when you have an old dog, you know that each frisbee session might be her last. Or, at least, you understand that the number of times you'll get to do this together are numbered. Erin and I cherish these times.

*     *     *

As much as Lucy is my dog, she's also Erin's dog. Erin and I have been together for nine years. We started dating just before I got Lucy. There's never been an "us" that didn't also include Lucy. That's not true for any other animal that we own. Her cat, Marvin, died in 2008. Together, we got all of our other pets through happenstance or bad judgment or both. 

It is freaking me out that we are losing a part of "us". Erin thinks Lucy is funny. We will certainly laugh less without her around. 

Lucy was at our engagement. No one else was. We took the video of Lucy catching a frisbee just a few minutes after Erin said "yes" on the top of Max Patch above Hot Springs, North Carolina. As Erin and I hugged, the ring snug on her finger, Lucy rolled in something  very smelly on the side of the hill. She was so pleased with herself. We were not pleased (it would be a long ride back to the cabin), but we were engaged.  

Lucy rolls in things often enough that we now have a "Shower Song" that I sing to her whenever we are taking a shower together. I will not sing it for you, but the words go something like this, depending on what I suspect she rolled in: 

Gonna get clean, clean, clean, 
'Cause you rolled in shit, dog shit, 
Gonna get clean, clean, clean in the shower [in the shower!]
Gonna get clean, clean, clean in the shower. 

She seems to like the "Shower Song". She tolerates it, anyway. She knows her dad is not a poet. 

*     *     *

There are some things, besides showers, Lucy doesn't like:

  • Small children. We have always been nervous with Lucy around small children. I think she lacks the patience to tolerate them. 
  • The mailman. One day, we returned home to find a pane of our sidelight under our mailbox broken. It was clear that Lucy had hit the door with such force as the mailman shuffled up the steps that she had broken the pane; the shards had exploded across the front porch.
  • Cats, rabbits, squirrels. Basically, Lucy regards anything that is outside and covered in fur as something that should ultimately end up in her mouth. Amazingly, she has not killed any of our cats or our little Pug. Somehow, Lucy knows that if it's inside, we like it. This does not include the baby possum that wandered up from our dirt basement in Lexington one night. That was a fiasco. But, it does include Diesel, Jessica's ferret. That Lucy did not kill Diesel will forever puzzle me. 
  • Dharma. For some reason, Lucy has always been suspicious of our tortoise-shell cat, Dharma. I am not sure whether it is because Lucy believes that Dharma is too needy (she is) or because Dharma has six toes. But, if Dharma's in the room, Lucy's got her eye on her. Dharma is up to something. Lucy doesn't know what, but she knows that Dharma cannot be trusted. 
  • Other dogs. Lucy tolerates Pugsley, but other dogs just get in her way. Especially other dogs that try and mess with her while she's trying to work. Nothing is more certain to piss her off than some galumphing lab tries to take a frisbee from her mouth. 
  • Huskies. Lucy particularly can't stand huskies. If she gets near a husky, there's going to be a fight. Before I discovered the existence of this ancient enmity, Lucy fought the largest husky I've ever seen at a dog park in Lexington. It was the first and only time I feared for her life. He stood a full head taller than her and was at least double her weight. This was no play. This was a dogfight. They rolled, snarled, bit, tore. I took off running after them, screamed at them. I don't remember how the fight ended. I'm not sure I didn't kick the husky. I don't think I did, but I can't say I didn't. I yelled at the husky's owner (I'm not a yeller) and Lucy and I left. Huskies. Who unleashed them from their sleds? 
  • Fawning. Lucy loves getting a belly rub. What dog doesn't? But, she doesn't like being fawned upon. She can tell when you're getting sappy and she does not like overwrought emotion. This obviously makes our present predicament a challenge because all Erin and I want to do is love her and pet her. But, she senses our sympathy, feels our pity and rejects it. Now, Lucy's belly is getting bigger, so moving is not as easy as it used to be: she can't just hop up on the couch or hop down from the couch like it's nothing. So, Lucy has to weigh the discomfort that flows from moving away from our fawning and the discomfort of being fawned upon and decide which to suffer. Unfortunately, she often chooses to move. I guess I should be thankful that she still chooses to move. 
  • The vacuum cleaner and lawn mower. I don't know whether there's a scientific study on this, but it seems common enough among dogs that we should, as a race, be able to explain this with science by now. Lucy will nip at the lawnmower's front wheels the *entire* time I am mowing unless I yell at her to "leave it!" Which I usually do after about two minutes of Lucy's maniacal nonsense. 

Looking over this list, it occurs to me that Lucy really doesn't like a lot of things on this earth. Lucy's "circle of trust" is exceedingly small and I have lived my entire time with her on the inside of it. For a being like Dharma, landing—inexplicably—outside the circle meant weathering years of Lucy's suspicious badgering. For a being like me, landing—inexplicably—inside the circle meant years of singleminded devotion. Lucy has exerted every fiber of muscle, every firing of a neuron to knowing me, understanding me, trying to please and protect me. 

*     *     *

Lucy is sleeping on the floor now. Before she got sick, she has always preferred to sleep at my feet in the bed. 

I think she's sleeping in the floor for three reasons: 

  1. She can spread out and lay on her side more easily. This seems to be the most comfortable way for her to sleep.
  2. It's hard for her to jump in the bed and especially hard to negotiate getting out of bed. She refuses to use the carpeted steps I purchased to help with that. I think she considers the steps a physical manifestation of my fawning. 
  3. It is cooler on the floor than in the bed and it has been Kentucky's hottest summer since, well, whenever Kentucky's geological history involved massive lava flows. 

So, I have begun sleeping on the floor now, too. In 2002–2003, I lived in D.C. in a room too small for a bed; I'm pretty good at it. Not long after we started sleeping on the floor, I woke up in the middle of the night and Lucy had moved and curled up right next to me. The moment was so sweet for me; Lucy had never moved closer to me in the middle of the night. She will either start and stay at my feet or start there and settle down in her bed on the floor at some point. I started rubbing her belly and almost immediately she got perturbed with my fussiness and moved away. 

It was totally worth it. 

*     *     *

I am getting better at living with a sick dog and living with my grief. I am crying less. I can talk with my vet without crying. Much. I am starting to anticipate Lucy's changing tastes and changing appetite. It breaks my heart that she no longer likes peanut butter. This was always an easy pleasure (and an easy way to give medicine). I keep boiled chicken on hand, but have migrated to the Merrick brand of canned dog foods. Merrick meals offer great varieties of meats and veggies. If it's not a "Wild Buffalo Grill" day, it can be a "New Zealand Summer" day. If it's a "Mediterranean Banquet" day, Lucy is eating lamb, brown rice, chick peas, spinach, and golden delicious apples. I am considering keeping a few cans for myself in the McCarter bomb shelter.   

It is so good to be able to "spoil" Lucy with these delicacies. 

More than anything, I don't want Lucy to suffer. I especially don't want her to know that she is dying. We are giving her steroids to hopefully slow the tumor growth and Pepsid to suppress nausea. After the diagnosis, we overspoiled Lucy and she got diarrhea bad enough that we went to the animal emergency room on Sunday morning. We thought it might be the end. The vet tested her red blood cell count. He assured us she was stable, prescribed an anti-diarrheal paste, and sent us home. Before we left, he explained how common hemangio sarcoma is. He explained how it worked and explained that of all the ways for dogs to go, this one was one of the best. It is the most similar to just falling asleep. 

He was very kind. 

*     *     *

Lucy lays on her side a lot now. Like I said, it's the position she feels most comfortable in, I think. She is resting next to me right now (Friday night, August 4) after a late evening walk. "Hey buddy," I say to her. She looks up and thumps her tail a few times for me. These days, that tail thump makes my heart leap for joy and crushes me at the same time.

I just want that tail to keep thumping. 

Because we are not allowed to do anything else, Lucy and I are going on walks. We slap on her prong collar and the retractable leash and set out in the early morning or late at night; we prowl the alleys around our house. She stops often to pee. She stops often to smell. We take our time. This is not common. We are usually in a hurry to get to the middle school to play frisbee. Lucy is usually trying to stay in front of Pugsley. (She cannot not be in front. Erin used to mess with Lucy and run just barely in front of her on runs. It drove Lucy nuts.)

It was a full moon last night. It was almost full, and just as orange-yellow, tonight. Last night, we walked to the middle school and laid down in the grass. We hadn't done that for a long time.

We were still. We thought deep thoughts. I have not been myself. 

*     *     *

Besides walks, here are the things we are enjoying these days: 

  • Squirrels. Stuffed squirrels. Lucy is one of these dogs that can gut a stuffed animal in about two and a half minutes. She loves these squirrels. Our buddy Jessica first got her a set of three (they come with their own trunk!) when we were living together in Lexington. The idea is that you put the squirrels inside the hollow of the stuffed trunk and the dog noses her way into the trunk and pulls out the squirrels. Lucy loves this shit. I've bought her three—one every Friday—since we got the bad news. At $13 each, I suspect we'll keep getting one each Friday as long as Lucy seems to continue destroying them. 
  • Chicken Broth Ice. As I mentioned above, I have been boiling chickens for Lucy. I take the leftover stock and pour it into ice cube trays. Lucy will not come running into the kitchen if she hears the freezer door open. But, if she hears the freezer door open and then hears me rustling around with a plastic bag in the freezer...well, let's just say that even if I wasn't fooling with the plastic bag that contains all the frozen chicken stock, Lucy's going to get a frozen treat every time she comes into the kitchen and appears interested in a frozen treat. Pugsley has also learned how to eat chicken broth ice, even with his tiny little Tic-Tac™ teeth. This whole deal has not been too bad for the Pug. He is living in the penumbra of Lucy's spoilage: he's getting more treats than he normally would because she's getting more treats.
  • Earthing Mat. When I posted about Lucy's cancer on Facebook, many, many people responded with love and support. Lucy has met a lot of people in 9 years; she goes on almost every road trip with us. So, a lot of people know how awesome she is. One of my friends recommended an earthing mat. He said that his cat had died of cancer earlier this spring and that the earthing mat had been a comfort to them both as the disease progressed. I don't know too much about how it works—something about ions and free radicals—or even whether it works, but I ordered one. This is what happens when your dog is sick: you just buy it. The mat arrived a few days later. I plugged it in and put it in Lucy's favorite spot: just in front of the coffee table. She seems to enjoy laying on it, or, at least, she doesn't mind laying on it. Since I put it in her favorite spot, I can't actually tell whether she prefers laying on it or whether it is having any therapeutic effect. But, I feel better having ordered it. I would rather be the guy who spends some money on some untested, hippie technology than the one who says, "No way I'm wasting my money on that." What if it does provide some comfort? I'd rather be gullible than a cynic.
  • Yunnan baiyao. Along those same lines, I have ordered (via Amazon's overnight delivery) a Chinese herbal remedy called "yunnan baiyao" to help slow the internal bleeding from Lucy's tumors. The vet who is serving as our backup euthanist originally suggested that I pursue Eastern palliative care and since then I have been working for a week to find a vet who will either a) prescribe this remedy or b) provide me with the name of the concoction so I can just order it on the internet. I finally found one today who was willing to speak the name of the remedy. I'm not trying to be dramatic. I spoke to two vets prior to this one who said, "I don't have it.""What is it?" "A Chinese herbal blend." "Yes, but what is it called?" "You should call Dr. ____." It was infuriating. It should arrive tomorrow. I hope it provides Lucy with some relief. The reviews on Amazon are glowing. At minimum, securing it will provide me with some comfort that I did all I could for her. So much of what we're going through right now seems to be more about my need to reassure myself that I'm doing all I can. 

*     *     *

I am trying to tell whether Lucy feels rotten. Well, it is clear that she feels rotten: she has a hard time going up and down stairs with her additional weight and she has a hard time getting comfortable when she's laying down. What I'm trying to tell is whether she knows she is dying. I've spent a lot of time looking into Lucy's eyes in the last four weeks and I don't see that knowledge in them. 

But it could just be that Lucy's eyes are a kind of Rorschach test. I could just be seeing just what I want to see. I desperately want her to not understand. I want her to feel slower, feel bloated, but not know that she will soon be the rabbit in the dog's mouth. When the euthanist comes, I want to look at her for the last time without her also knowing it will be the last time. That's purely selfish. That's just me feeling pretty damn confident I couldn't bear that. I am crying as I type this. I look over and Lucy is looking at me. 

"Hi!" I say, smiling through the tears. 

Thump. Thump. Thump. 

Lucy's tail just keeps beating. This gives me hope. We go for a walk. 

If Lucy knows, she's not telling me she knows. Because I'm her human. She knows that I know that I couldn't bear it if she knew. 

*     *     *

I am afraid we are getting close to the end. It's August 10 and Lucy hasn't eaten much today. Her belly is quite large. I was only able to give her medicine this morning by hiding it in peanut butter (which she won't eat) and plastering that to the side of a Rocko's Rewards treat that I bought from Lenore at the Douglass Loop Farmers Market. I will say this: Lucy turned down boiled chicken, she turned down cubed buffalo. She cannot resist a Rocko's treat, even if it is partially covered in nasty, mediciny peanut butter. I'm not sure what Lenore's doing to those treats, but they are a gift. Being able to find some vehicle with which to deliver to your dog a pain-relieving pill is a true comfort. 

*     *     *

The end came on August 12, 2012. When I got home from church, Lucy did not greet me at the door. She was laying next to my chair in the living room. Her tail was thump, thump, thumping away, but she was not moving. Her belly was so tight. Tight like the time she ate too much cattle feed. Tight like the time she ate a loaf of multigrain bread. 

Thump, thump, thump. 

It was time. 

I called the vet. I called Erin. She had to drive back from Lexington. While we waited for their arrivals, Lucy and I listened to music. She let me pet her, fuss over her, cry over her. 

She drank some water. 

It was time. 

The vet, Dr. Lauralee Rubsch, was a pro. Lucy's departure went as well as this sort of thing can go. 

We petted her, cried over her, kissed on her. We told her what a good dog she was. How we loved her desperately, forever. 

It was time. 

"Go be free," Dr. Rubsch whispered. Perfect words.

Lucy was gone. Somewhere, she was running. The air around her was filled with the smell of fresh pine and wild game. Her heart was thumping against her sturdy chest.

Somehow, my heart kept thumping. 

The night before Lucy died, she and I walked over to the field at Highlands Middle School. Lucy did not run. She didn't stray far from me. We laid down in the field and looked up. That night was the height of the Perseids, the annual meteor shower bonanza. 

We rested. 

We watched the cold, ancient stones burn across the sky. 

We are dust, heat, and light. All of us. 

Of the three, Lucy was mostly light. 


BASTA!

by Ben Carter


It all is just running a little to smoothly and we all need to stand athwart the coming mediocrity storm and say, “BASTA! Enough!”
— John Roderick, "Roderick on the Line" at 39:46–39:59

Shooting Ourselves in the Foot with Bullets

by Ben Carter


We are out of control with our PowerPoints. 

 

As a group, lawyers are the worst presenters I know. As a group, lawyers should be the best. We make our livings telling stories to clients, judges, and juries. Yet, give us a Powerpoint and we will oppress an otherwise interesting and important story into a brutal deathmarch of text-laden slides worthy of the Jackson Administration. We read from our slides (which consist of the notes for our talk) until a woman in the audience begins to wish that the bullets on the screen were lodged somewhere in her prefrontal cortex.

It doesn’t have to be this way.

Never has it been this easy to give[1] a great presentation. Whether you use Microsoft PowerPoint or Apple’s Keynote, either program can quickly incorporate interesting images that capture a key concept. You can find these images online and save them to your computer in an instant. The fonts available to us are limitless.[2] Beautiful templates are prepared for us and baked into the software.

Never has it been this hard to give a great presentation. I have been traveling the state with the Kentucky Law Update series to talk about our enduring foreclosure crisis. I present after lunch. When I walk in the room during the break, I see the half-finished crosswords. I see the Amazon Kindle’s poking out of purses, the iPads filled with games and email. I know what I’m up against. The demands on our audiences’ attention have never been greater.

It has never been harder to get and keep an audience’s attention. I am here to tell you a hard truth: your deep knowledge and compelling series of bullet-pointed slides that explain everything so obviously and logically is not enough. Not even close. If you want your audience’s attention, you are going to have to rip it out of their iPad’s cold, dead hands.[3]

For trial attorneys like me, our livelihood depends on our ability to give a good presentation. Having someone’s attention is a precondition to persuasion. But, even if you are never going to set foot in a courtroom, you still need to know how to give a good presentation. You still have a stake in helping us all become better presenters.

There are 17,000 members of the Kentucky Bar Association. Each of us are required to gather 12.5 hours of Continuing Legal Education credit each year. We comply by sitting through lots of presentations. Multiply our membership by a 25-year career and collectively we will endure about 5,312,000 hours of presentations before we retire.[4]

That’s a lot of crummy presentations.

There are some basic things we can do to make our presentations instantaneously less awful. First, do whatever you need to do to keep your audience’s attention. If the only way you can do this is by butchering a chicken while talking about subrogation rights or ERISA plans, bring a tarp to make cleanup easier. Let’s stop pretending this isn’t a show and that we’re not, in part, ringleaders.

Next, adhere to Guy Kawasaki’s 10–20–30 Rule. No more than 10 slides. No more than 20 minutes. Nothing less than 30-point font on your slide. Look, your slides shouldn’t be your notes.[5] Your notes are your notes. After you create your crappy presentation that just reflect the main things you want to say, hit “Print”. Those are your notes. Congratulations. Now create your presentation with 10 words–one per slide that capture your points. Better yet, pick ten pictures that enliven the concepts and entertain while you use your notes. Your slides should be in conversation with your words, not an echo of them.

Third, get curious about how to make your presentations better. Read Presentation Zen by Garr Reynolds or Beyond Bullet Points by Cliff Atkinson.

Finally, it’s time we start expecting more of ourselves and our colleagues than dry marches through case law and statutes. Obviously, imparting substantive knowledge needs to happen, but it’s time to stop pretending it’s our audience’s job to already be interested in our topics and it’s their fault if they don’t give us their undivided attention. Their failure to pay attention is our failure to capture it. Be brutal in evaluations. Demand more. If a presentation wasn’t great, give suggestions to make it better. If the presenter just phoned it in, say so.

Presentations matter. They matter to colleagues, clients, opposing counsel, and juries. At a minimum, five million hours of smart people’s time is at stake. Don’t let a bad presenter waste another hour of yours.

Ben Carter is an associate at Morris and Player, PLLC, a firm for plaintiffs. He is a consultant to the Network Center for Community Change on issues surrounding foreclosure, tax liens, and vacant and abandoned property. He welcomes your thoughts and ideas: bwc@morrisplayer.com.


  1. When I say “give”, I mean it: a great presentation is a performance that stays with the audience. It is a gift.  ↩

  2. Please, stop using Calibri. When I see Calibri on the screen, the words I see are, “default.” As in: “The fact that this presentation is awful is default of the presenter.”  ↩

  3. I am aware that iPad’s do not technically have hearts and that they are, in fact, cold and dead already. You do not need to email me on this point.  ↩

  4. This doesn’t include all the time we spend in internal firm meetings that resemble the eye-popping scene from A Clockwork Orange ↩

  5. When was the last time you went to a movie and the screen was bifurcated: one side with the action and actors and the other side with a scrolling script? Exactly. Time to raise your game.  ↩


It's Time for Palau to Adopt a Bankruptcy Code

by Ben Carter


When I was in Palau in December, the Island Times was nice enough to publish this letter. 

Dear Palau,

Palau needs a bankruptcy code. I did not know that four years ago when I was working as a Public Defender for Palau, but I know it now. Too many Palauans live with crushing debt from which they will never recover. If Palau wants to provide those families any hope, it needs a bankruptcy code that offers Palauans a fresh start following financial devastation.

I have spent most of the last four years defending homeowners in Kentucky from foreclosure. That is, I have spent the last four years discussing debt and household finances with thousands of families.

While I was a Public Defender in Palau, I had the opportunity to take a few civil cases for debtors who owed either a store or another person a significant amount of money. Unfortunately, the only relief I could provide was trying to negotiate a complete repayment of those debts over the course of a number of years—often at usurious interest rates. These negotiated settlements were frustrating and unsettling to me personally because it meant that these debtors would have to struggle for years if not decades before saving for retirement, investing in their or their children’s education, starting a business.

Allowing people to file for bankruptcy wouldn’t just help individual Palauans who find themselves in over their head due to unemployment, medical setbacks, or poor financial management. Rather, there are at least five distinct benefits to providing Palauan individuals and businesses with a fresh start through bankruptcy.

  • Bankruptcy encourages economic development because it enables entrepreneurs to take risks with the understanding that if those risks don’t pay off, their lives and finances are not forever ruined.

  • Bankruptcy also encourages economic development by incentivizing investors and businesses to lend only to the most creditworthy entrepreneurs and customers.

  • A bankruptcy code would provide business partners with an orderly and predictable disposition of a failed business’s assets. This predictability reduces the cost of doing business and the cost of litigating the dissolution of the business.

  • Because the bankruptcy code provides parties with an orderly way of winding down businesses and discharging indebtedness, the court system may enjoy less litigation and fewer collections actions.

  • As I previously mentioned, Palauans deserve a fresh start. With a bankruptcy code, Palauans will know that getting laid off, encountering bad luck, or suffering through medical setbacks won’t forever plague their family’s chances at financial stability.

I hope you will not interpret this letter as the presumption of a haole thinking he knows what’s best for Palau. Having lived in Palau, I appreciate that Palauan bankruptcy will likely look very different than American bankruptcy—molded to respect tradition and the realities of life in Palau. But, I counseled plenty of hardworking Palauan families who will spend years struggling to pay back loans at unfair interest rates, struggling often with no realistic chance of ever actually catching up.

While I was in Palau, I failed to appreciate the benefits of having a bankruptcy code and failed to do anything to provide these families and individuals with the hope of a fresh start and the opportunity for financial stability. Now that I’m off-island, I look back and fear I missed an opportunity to leave a lasting impact in Palau and provide a lasting service to its people by advocating for passage of a bankruptcy code.

I am on-island over the holidays for a brief vacation and wanted to take this opportunity to urge the Palauan people to encourage their legislators to pass a bankruptcy code. To survive and thrive, Palauan families and businesses need the opportunity at a fresh start that bankruptcy promises.

I am happy to help this effort in whatever way I can from the United States. If you are interested in working on this issue, please contact me at ben [at] bencarterlaw [dot]com.

Sincerely,

Ben Carter


The Races I'm Watching

by Ben Carter


Alright, folks, here are the races I’ll be watching tonight and why. If you want to hang, I’ll be at The Silver Dollar with Judge Shake and crew.

19th District Senate

Morgan McGarvey’s a buddy of mine from law school and will make a damn good Senator. We’ll never end the war on young people without more young people making laws.

Commonwealth’s Attorney

My wife is an Assistant Commonwealth’s Attorney. So, yeah, I’m kind of interested in who will be her next boss.

Court of Appeals

I’m for Judge Shake[1]. Here’s why I’m supporting him. This race, unlike the others mentioned here, isn’t over with the primary. Judge Shake will need your help all the way through the November 6 general election. So, go give him some money or like him on Facebook or follow him on Twitter.

Lexington’s Third District Council Seat

I like Diane Lawless. I think she does a good job and trust her judgment. Stephanie Spires has by all accounts run a very good race. She is married to John Spires, a law school buddy of mine. So, I’ll be interested to see the outcome of that race. Diane and Stephanie will face each other (I expect) in the general election in November.

98th District House of Representatives

This is my home district back in Greenup County. Rep. Tanya Pullin[2] is facing a primary from Tyler Murphy. I think Tanya’s demonstrated ability to pass legislation through a Republican-controlled State Senate and her reputation for, you know, reading bills, working hard, and actually caring is enough to warrant her reelection. Plus, I just can’t forgive Tyler Murphy for being this guy at the 2008 Democratic National Convention.

So, those are the races I’ll be watching tonight. Good job for voting everybody.


  1. Full disclosure: I helped Judge Shake set up his website.  ↩

  2. Full disclosure: I helped Representative Pullin set up her website.  ↩


Typography for Lawyers: One Space, Double Spacing, and Other Good Ideas

by Ben Carter


This is an essay about typography.

What is typography? Basically, it’s how letters and words appear on the page, how individual words and chunks of text fit together. As lawyers, our livelihoods depend often on chunks of text. The thesis of this article is that small typographical improvements in your resumes, letters, briefs, and presentations can make a dramatic difference in your ability to effectively communicate and persuade.

Better typography improves your chances in mediations, in court, and in trial.

I need to make two points before I even get started. First, and perhaps already obviously, I am a nerd. How much of a nerd? I still own a 20-sided die. The best way to get me to corner you at a party is to mention in an offhanded way that you need to get a scanner (at which point, I will rhapsodize about the Fujitsu Scansnap 1500 for 20 minutes as the ice melts in your cocktail). As you will see, I’m the kind of nerd who can’t resist making a reference to Weird Al Yankovich’s cult classic UHF even in an article in which I hope to impress my peers.

I’m the kind of nerd that says, “Hell, yes!” when I discover that some typeface-designer-turned-lawyer has written a book about typography and the practice of law.[1] This is my second point: almost everything I have learned about typography I learned from Matthew Butterick and his excellent website, http://typographyforlawyers.com and book, Typography for Lawyers. Butterick is a Harvard-trained typeface designer and a graduate of the University of California Berkeley’s Boalt Hall. So, he’s kind of in his wheelhouse on the subject of typography for lawyers.

I recognize that not everyone has attained the same nerd heights as me and may not want to read an entire book about typography. This is an attempt at a summary. Still, I highly recommend getting the book. I refer to it each time I write a brief. It contains great examples of before and after improvements to business cards, resumes, correspondence, and legal briefs. Further, it contains detail that can only be captured in a book; Butterick explains the proper use of em dashes and en dashes and hyphens, the nuances of non-breaking spaces and non-breaking hyphens, the dark art of letter spacing. So, get the book.

Plaintiffs attorneys would do well to adopt better typographical practices now rather than later. Law schools across the country are using Butterick’s book as part of their legal writing curriculum. The federal clerks who are reading your briefs will know the best typographical practices and will judge you and your failure to adopt them. Further, as I mentioned above, better typography produces briefs, letters, and exhibits that are easier to read and therefore more likely to be read and understood.

Plaintiffs attorneys have a brief window in which adopting better typography will provide us with a subtle advantage. The defense bar will eventually adopt better typographical practices and then our failure to use them ourselves will disadvantage us and our clients.

So, let’s get started on improving our work product with better typography. I will begin with some practices that will improve all of your documents, including your briefs, and then discuss the impact of court rules regarding margins and line spacing in briefs.

Use One Space after Punctuation

Modern typographical best practices flow from an appreciation of a fact that has eluded many attorneys: we have computers now, not typewriters[2]. We learned to type (or our typing teachers learned to type) on typewriters that used a monospace font. That is, every letter, whether it’s a fat “m” or a skinny “i”, was stamped on a piece of metal that was the same width as all the other characters. Using two spaces after punctuation in a monospace font is acceptable (but even there, unnecessary). On computers, however, we are blessed with proportional fonts–fonts with varying letter widths. Using two spaces after a proportional font is a vestige of our days from the typewriter. It is, as Butterick says, “an obsolete habit”. As he says in his book and website:

Some top­ics in this book will involve dis­cre­tionary choices. Not this one. Always put exactly one space between sen­tences. Or more gen­er­ally: put exactly one space after any punc­tu­a­tion.

One space. Period.

Okay, with that sacred cow slaughtered, let’s move on…

Use Bold or Italic Type for Emphasis

Do not use underlining. Again, underlining is a vestige from our typewriter days when there simply was no other option but to use underlining to add emphasis. Bold type and italic type just weren’t available on typewriters. Bold and italic type are the typographical equivalent of the electronic unlocking mechanism on your car. When was the last time you actually unlocked your car with your key?

Use better tools: bold and italic typefaces are more elegant and less disruptive to the eye than underlined text.

Justify Your Text on the Left

There’s really not much to this rule except to say that studies have shown that left-justified text is easier to read than text that is justified on both sides. In a left-justified document, the reader’s eyes use the nonuniform breaks along the right side of the page as a subtle guide to find the beginning of the next line of text.

Unlike the two previous rules, you do not have to stop justifying your text on both sides if you don’t want to. Know that you are making your reader’s job more difficult, but justifying on both margins is still acceptable practice. If you justify on both sides, however, you are required to turn on hyphenation in your word processor. Hyphenation will help you avoid the unsightly gaps in text that can occur in documents justified on both sides. These gaps, like the double spaces after periods, are little tiny speed bumps for the reader’s eyes as they travel across the page.

Look, I should probably be explicit about this now that I’ve used the phrase “little tiny speed bumps for your reader’s eyes”: I write my briefs with the understanding that judges and their law clerks are drinking from the fire hose. Like little Joe Miller in UHF, judges and law clerks found the marble in the oatmeal and now their reward is to read tens of thousands of pages of lawyers’ briefs each year. My baseline assumption about my audience is that they are drowning and are looking for basically any reason to stop reading my brief. Given this assumption, a lot of “little tiny speed bumps” in my brief are a really big problem for me.

Use a Nice Font

Fonts are what most people think of when they hear the word “ typography”. I hope my ranting so far has given you a sense that fonts (technically, typefaces) are just a small element of good typography.

Consider investing in a nice font. Butterick has designed a typeface, Equity, to meet the special needs of attorneys. It is polished, tight, and its italic is beautiful. Seriously, I find myself trying to find reasons to italicize words when writing with Equity. It’s available for purchase on his website. He also has recommendations for replacements for your Times New Roman and other common system fonts that are preinstalled on your computer and make your work look like everyone else’s work.

Avoid All Caps

Many attorneys rely on ALL CAPS as a way to emphasize their most important points and in the headings of their briefs. This is not a useful practice. ALL CAPS IS ACTUALLY HARDER TO READ than regular text. Butterick allows for a single line of all caps text, but no more. Personally, I try to avoid it whenever possible.

A bolded, underlined, all caps heading is just an invitation to your reader to skip past it.

On a related note, if you have a case which involves the question of whether a provision in a contract is clear and conspicuous, Butterick is available to serve as an expert witness. I think his services would be especially useful in consumer cases which involve contracts that contain paragraph upon paragraph upon paragraph of all caps text. The science is in: this text is difficult to read.


Every court promulgates rules regarding typography. These rules are designed to promote fairness, uniformity, and legibility by forbidding attorneys from engaging in the worst typographical practices in an effort to squeeze more words onto a page. These rules have their most dramatic impact on line length (margin rules) and line spacing (the requirement that the lines be double-spaced).

Shorten Your Lines Outside of Briefs

“Shorter lines are easier to read than longer lines,” says Butterick. Ideally, your line will be between 45 and 90 characters, including spaces. Most courts in Kentucky require one-inch margins on both the left and right. (The appellate courts require 1 1/2" margins on the left.) At these margins, your 12-pt Times New Roman line is going to have more characters than the recommended maximum of ninety. Outside of lobbying for a rule change, there’s nothing you can do.

Move on to something you can fix: your line lengths in your letters, interoffice memorandum, and presentations. For me, shortening my line lengths was a revelation; this small change led to an immediate improvement in the look and readability of my letters.

Use True Double Spacing for Better Briefs

The ideal line spacing is 120–145% of your font size. That is, if you are using a 12-point font, you should set your line spacing between 14.4 and 17.4. Personally, for my out-of-court documents, I use 15-point spacing. It provides a little more space between the lines than the “single spacing” setting (which makes words look cramped and is difficult to read).

Most courts require us to double space our briefs.[3] CR 76.12(4)(a)(ii) requires us to use “black type no smaller than 12 point” and typing that is “double spaced and clearly readable.” The court’s requirement to double space your briefs does not mean, however, that you just go into Microsoft Word and pound the “double space” button. True double spacing for a 12-point font means setting your line spacing at “Exactly” 24 points. Using Microsoft Word’s default “double space” will give you line spacing greater than 24 points–about 15% greater, in fact. This translates to having 2–3 fewer lines on a 8 1/2“ x 11” page.

In other words, if you are using Microsoft Word’s default “double space” setting for your pleadings, you are hurting yourself in two ways: 1) you are making your document less legible by putting more space than ideal between your lines and 2) you are making your document longer than it needs to be. Because our courts set maximum page limits (rather than word limits), this means you are giving yourself (and your client) fewer words to explain your position than you would otherwise have available to you.

How many times have you been on page twenty-six and need to slim a brief down to twenty-five pages? True double spacing will give you more words and those words will look better on the page.

There: I just gave you a way to be more verbose than you already are. For that and for all the other typographical wisdom (cribbed entirely from Matthew Butterick), you’re welcome.

Sometimes it pays to know nerds.


  1. The only other lawyer I knew personally that had read Typography for Lawyers and cared about this stuff at all was Finis Price. I miss that guy.  ↩

  2. For anyone reading this still using a typewriter: you need help this article cannot provide. Please stop reading.  ↩

  3. I’ve looked through Jefferson County’s local rules and can’t find a double-spacing requirement anywhere. Nonetheless, I think the court would look askance at anything not double-spaced.  ↩


Why I Support Judge Shake for Kentucky Court of Appeals

by Ben Carter


The reality of judicial races is that people who work outside our legal system feel ill-equipped to cast an informed ballot. I'm often asked by my non-lawyer friends who they should vote for in judicial races. In the Court of Appeals race in Jefferson County, I suggest a vote for Judge Jim Shake

Judge Shake is a smart, pragmatic judge that works hard and takes risks to ensure that everyone has access to the court system and that the courts are solving problems. I know. In 2009, as the Chief Judge of the Jefferson Circuit Court, Judge Shake worked with advocates for homeowners (I was an attorney for the Legal Aid Society at the time), bank attorneys, community groups, and the court system to create the Foreclosure Conciliation Project. With the FCP, Jefferson County became the first court system in the state to attempt to address the exploding numbers of foreclosures in our community.

As part of the project, Judge Shake ensured that each homeowner facing foreclosure received credible, timely information about alternatives to foreclosure and steps to take to avoid foreclosure. The FCP provided homeowners with outreach, housing counseling, legal representation, and an opportunity to meet with their banks to pursue these alternatives. Hundreds of homeowners saved their home through the process that Judge Shake created and the lessons we learned in Jefferson County have influenced similar programs across the state.

Judge Shake has been a judge for 19 years. He knows the immense impact the courts have on Kentuckian's lives. The courts impact lives not just in individual cases, but also in the processes and procedures they build to solve emerging problems like the foreclosure crisis. I'm supporting Judge Shake because he has shown the willingness and ability to solve problems—big and small—as a judge.